National and Subnational estimates for the United Kingdom

Identifying changes in the reproduction number, rate of spread, and doubling time during the course of the COVID-19 outbreak whilst accounting for potential biases due to delays in case reporting both nationally and subnationally in the United Kingdom.

Table of Contents

Expected daily cases by region


Figure 1: Map of the expected change in daily cases

National summary

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 262 – 2086
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.1 – 2.6
Rate of spread -0.031 – 0.3
Doubling time (days) 2.3 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.14 – 0.98


Table 1: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 2: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 3: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Regional Breakdown

Data availability

Limitations

Summary of latest reproduction number and case count estimates


Figure 4: Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation and the time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number (bar = 95% credible interval). regions are ordered by the number of expected daily cases and shaded based on the expected change in daily cases. The dotted line indicates the target value of 1 for the effective reproduction no. required for control and a single case required fror elimination.

Reproduction numbers over time in the six regions with the most cases currently


Figure 5: Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number (light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range) in the regions expected to have the highest number of incident cases. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence. The dotted line indicates the target value of 1 for the effective reproduction no. required for control.

Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation in the six regions with the most cases currently


Figure 6: Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset (light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range) in the countries/regions expected to have the highest number of incident cases. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Reproduction numbers over time in all regions


Figure 7: Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number (light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range) in all regions. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence. The dotted line indicates the target value of 1 for the effective reproduction no. required for control.

Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation in all regions

Figure 8: Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset (light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range) in all regions. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Latest estimates summary table

Region Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation Expected change in daily cases Effective reproduction no. Doubling time (days)
Ayrshire And Arran 1 – 21 Increasing 1.3 – 4.2 0.15 – Cases decreasing
East Of England 15 – 121 Increasing 1.3 – 2.9 2.3 – Cases decreasing
Forth Valley 1 – 19 Increasing 1.1 – 3.3 0.19 – Cases decreasing
Grampian 1 – 19 Unsure 0.6 – 2.3 0.22 – Cases decreasing
Greater Glasgow And Clyde 5 – 52 Increasing 1.2 – 2.6 2.4 – 54
Lanarkshire 2 – 30 Increasing 1.2 – 3.4 0.25 – Cases decreasing
London 70 – 458 Increasing 1.2 – 2.5 3.8 – Cases decreasing
Lothian 1 – 21 Unsure 0.7 – 2.1 0.22 – Cases decreasing
Midlands 40 – 275 Increasing 1.5 – 3.4 2.3 – Cases decreasing
North East And Yorkshire 20 – 153 Increasing 1.3 – 3 2 – 49
North West 26 – 166 Increasing 1.3 – 2.9 2.5 – Cases decreasing
Northern Ireland 5 – 54 Increasing 1.1 – 2.5 2.1 – Cases decreasing
Shetland 2 – 32 Increasing 1.2 – 4.4 0.16 – Cases decreasing
South East 13 – 99 Increasing 1.1 – 2.1 3.5 – Cases decreasing
South West 7 – 68 Increasing 1.2 – 2.8 2.8 – Cases decreasing
Tayside 1 – 23 Likely increasing 0.8 – 2.3 0.25 – Cases decreasing
Wales 19 – 154 Increasing 1.3 – 2.9 2.5 – Cases decreasing


Table 2: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the effective reproduction number, and the doubling time in each rregion. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95\% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Regional reports

Ayrshire And Arran

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 1 – 21
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.3 – 4.2
Rate of spread -1.4 – 4.5
Doubling time (days) 0.15 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.22 – 0.82


Table 3: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 9: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 10: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

East Of England

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 15 – 121
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.3 – 2.9
Rate of spread -0.13 – 0.3
Doubling time (days) 2.3 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.23 – 0.94


Table 4: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 11: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 12: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Forth Valley

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 1 – 19
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.1 – 3.3
Rate of spread -1.8 – 3.6
Doubling time (days) 0.19 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.2 – 0.77


Table 5: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 13: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 14: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Grampian

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 1 – 19
Expected change in daily cases Unsure
Effective reproduction no. 0.6 – 2.3
Rate of spread -4.3 – 3.2
Doubling time (days) 0.22 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.2 – 0.47


Table 6: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 15: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 16: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Greater Glasgow And Clyde

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 5 – 52
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.2 – 2.6
Rate of spread 0.013 – 0.29
Doubling time (days) 2.4 – 54
Adjusted R-squared 0.028 – 0.91


Table 7: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 17: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 18: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Lanarkshire

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 2 – 30
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.2 – 3.4
Rate of spread -0.31 – 2.8
Doubling time (days) 0.25 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.15 – 0.78


Table 8: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 19: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 20: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

London

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 70 – 458
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.2 – 2.5
Rate of spread -0.27 – 0.18
Doubling time (days) 3.8 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.25 – 0.88


Table 9: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 21: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 22: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Lothian

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 1 – 21
Expected change in daily cases Unsure
Effective reproduction no. 0.7 – 2.1
Rate of spread -2.7 – 3.1
Doubling time (days) 0.22 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.25 – 0.69


Table 10: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 23: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 24: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Midlands

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 40 – 275
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.5 – 3.4
Rate of spread -0.12 – 0.3
Doubling time (days) 2.3 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.24 – 0.96


Table 11: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 25: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 26: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

North East And Yorkshire

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 20 – 153
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.3 – 3
Rate of spread 0.014 – 0.34
Doubling time (days) 2 – 49
Adjusted R-squared -0.031 – 0.89


Table 12: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 27: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 28: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

North West

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 26 – 166
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.3 – 2.9
Rate of spread -0.11 – 0.28
Doubling time (days) 2.5 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.25 – 0.88


Table 13: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 29: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 30: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Northern Ireland

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 5 – 54
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.1 – 2.5
Rate of spread -0.057 – 0.33
Doubling time (days) 2.1 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.16 – 0.91


Table 14: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 31: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 32: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Shetland

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 2 – 32
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.2 – 4.4
Rate of spread -1.6 – 4.2
Doubling time (days) 0.16 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.17 – 0.74


Table 15: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 33: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 34: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

South East

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 13 – 99
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.1 – 2.1
Rate of spread -0.11 – 0.2
Doubling time (days) 3.5 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.17 – 0.92


Table 16: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 35: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 36: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

South West

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 7 – 68
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.2 – 2.8
Rate of spread -0.068 – 0.25
Doubling time (days) 2.8 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.17 – 0.95


Table 17: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 37: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 38: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Tayside

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 1 – 23
Expected change in daily cases Likely increasing
Effective reproduction no. 0.8 – 2.3
Rate of spread -2.3 – 2.8
Doubling time (days) 0.25 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.19 – 0.55


Table 18: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 39: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 40: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Wales

Summary

Estimate
Cases with date of onset on the day of report generation 19 – 154
Expected change in daily cases Increasing
Effective reproduction no. 1.3 – 2.9
Rate of spread -0.0048 – 0.27
Doubling time (days) 2.5 – Cases decreasing
Adjusted R-squared -0.082 – 0.9


Table 19: Latest estimates of the number of cases by date of onset, the expected change in daily cases, the effective reproduction number, the rate of spread, the doubling time, and the adjusted R-squared of the exponential fit. Based on the last 7 days of data. The 95% credible interval is shown for each numeric estimate.

Reported and estimated cases by date of onset and time-varying reproduction number estimates


Figure 41: A.) Cases by date of report (bars) and estimated cases by date of onset. B.) Time-varying estimate of the effective reproduction number. Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval. Dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Time-varying rate of spread and doubling time


Figure 42: A.) Time-varying estimate of the rate of spread, B.) Time-varying estimate of the doubling time in days (note that when the rate of spread is negative the doubling time is assumed to be infinite), C.) The adjusted R-squared estimates indicating the goodness of fit of the exponential regression model (with values closer to 1 indicating a better fit). Light grey ribbon = 95% credible interval; dark grey ribbon = the interquartile range. Confidence in the estimated values is indicated by shading with reduced shading corresponding to reduced confidence.

Abbott, Sam, Joel Hellewell, James D. Munday, and Sebastian Funk. 2020. “NCoVUtils: Utility Functions for the 2019-Ncov Outbreak.” - - (-): –. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3635417.

Doughty, Emma. 2020. “Visualisation of Covid-19 Official UK Case Data.” Github Repository. https://github.com/emmadoughty/Daily_COVID-19/.

Xu, Bo, Bernardo Gutierrez, Sarah Hill, Samuel Scarpino, Alyssa Loskill, Jessie Wu, Kara Sewalk, et al. n.d. “Epidemiological Data from the nCoV-2019 Outbreak: Early Descriptions from Publicly Available Data.” http://virological.org/t/epidemiological-data-from-the-ncov-2019-outbreak-early-descriptions-from-publicly-available-data/337.